manipulation

Coercion-based Modes

1.	Intimidation and Threats: Forcing individuals to disseminate false information under duress.
2.	Financial Incentives: Offering rewards or bribes to promote misleading content.
3.	Reputation Blackmail: Threatening to harm someone’s reputation if they don’t spread false information.

Deception-based Modes

1. Social Engineering:

   • Phishing: Manipulating individuals into sharing false information via fake emails, messages, or websites. • Pretexting: Creating a fabricated scenario to trick people into spreading misinformation. 2. Impersonation:

   • Fake News Sites: Mimicking legitimate news outlets to disseminate false information. • Pseudo-Expertise: Presenting unqualified individuals as experts to lend credibility to misinformation. 3. Deepfakes and AI-generated Content: Using advanced technology to create convincing but false audio, video, or images. 4. Astroturfing: Masking the true source of information to make it appear as grassroots support.

Distortion of Truth and Fact Modes

1.	Cherry-Picking: Selectively presenting only favorable information to support a false narrative.
2.	Confirmation Bias Reinforcement: Targeting content to reinforce existing biases, rather than presenting balanced information.
3.	Out-of-Context Information: Presenting facts out of context to mislead or deceive.
4.	Emotional Manipulation:

•	Fear-Mongering: Spreading false information to evoke fear and influence behavior.
•	Sentimental Exploitation: Using emotional appeals to distract from factual inaccuracies.